General Information
At Stake in this Election:
- The office of President of Romania
Government Structure:
- Chief of State: President Klaus IOHANNIS (since 21 December 2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Viorica DĂNCILĂ (since 29 January 2018)
- Assembly: Romania has a bicameral Parliament (Parlament) consisting of the Senate (Senat) with 137 seats and the Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputatilor) with 329 seats.
Electoral System:
- The president is directly elected for a five-year term by an absolute majority. If no candidate receives above 50 per cent of the total number of eligible voters, a second round between the two candidates with the highest number of votes is held within two weeks. In the second round, the candidate who receives the higher number of votes is elected.[1]
- Prime Minister is appointed by the president with the approval of the parliament.
- In the Senate (Senat) 176 members are elected through a modified mixed-member proportional system to serve 4-year terms.*
- In the Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor), 412 members are elected through a modified mixed-member proportional system to serve 4-year terms.**
* Seats are distributed nationwide to parties in proportion to their vote shares, provided they have met a 5 percent threshold. This occurs after seats have been allocated to winners in single-member constituencies. A candidate must obtain an absolute majority of votes to win in any single-member constituency.
** As in the Senate, seats are allocated nationwide in proportion to parties' vote shares. This occurs after seats have been allocated to candidates winning majorities in single-seat constituencies. Various national thresholds apply: 5 percent for single parties (or at least 6 Chamber seats, or at least 3 Senate seats); 8 percent for alliances of two parties; 9 percent for alliances of three, and 10 percent for alliances of four or more parties.
There is no fixed number of reserve seats. These go to members of recognized minority groups (one per group) who do not win representation otherwise in either chamber. Such a candidate must have received 10 percent of the average number of valid votes cast for Deputies in the single-seat constituencies.
Main Candidates in this Election[2]:
- Candidate: Klaus IOHANNIS
- Party: National Liberal Party/Partidul Național Liberal (PNL)
- Candidate: Viorel CATARAMĂ
- Party: Liberal Right Party
- Candidate: Viorica DĂNCILĂ
- Party: Social Democratic Party/Partidul Social Democrat (PSD)
- Candidate: Theodor PALEOLOGU
- Party: People’s Movement Party/Partidul Mișcarea Populară (PMP)
- Candidate: Dan BARNA
- Candidate: Kelemen HUNOR
- Party: Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania/Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség (RMDSZ)
- Candidate: Mircea DIACONU
- Candidate: Ramona-Ioana BRUYNSEELS
- Party: Humanist Power Party
- Candidate: Cătălin IVAN
- Party: Alternative for National Dignity (ADN)
- Candidate: Bogdan Marian-STANOEVICI
- Party: Independent
- Candidate: John-Ion BANU
- Candidate: Sebastian-Constantin POPESCU
- Party: New Romania Party
- Candidate: Alexandru CUMPĂNAŞU
- Party: Independent
- Candidate: Ninel PEIA
- Party: Romanian Nationhood Party
Population and Registered Voters:
Gender Data:
- Female Population: 9,946,000[5]
- Is Romania a signatory to CEDAW: Yes (4 September 1980)[6]
- Has Romania ratified CEDAW: Yes (7 January 1982)[7]
- Gender Quota: No[8]
- Female Candidates in this election: Yes
- Number of Female Legislators: 68 (21%)[9]
- Human Development Index (HDI) Position: 52[10]
- Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) Categorization: Very low[11]
Disability Data: