At Stake in this Election: 

• The Presidency of Romania 

Government Structure: 

• Chief of State: Interim President Ilie BOLOJAN (since 12 February 2025). Romania has been under a caretaker government since February 2025.  

• Head of Government: Prime Minister Marcel CIOLACU (since 15 June 2023)  

• Assembly: bicameral Parliament of Romania (Parlamentul României), comprised of a 331-seat Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputatilor) and a 136-seat Senate (Senatul). The number of seats in both chambers of Parliament can fluctuate on the basis of population.  

Electoral System: 

• The President is directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in up to two rounds. Presidents serve 5-year terms, renewable once.  

• The President designates a candidate for Prime Minister who is subsequently confirmed via a vote of confidence from the Parliament.  

• All 136 members in the Senate are elected by proportional representation in single and multi-seat constituencies to 4-year terms.  

• All 330 members in the Chamber of Deputies are elected by proportional representation in single and multi-seat constituencies to 4-year terms. Each national minority group designated in the constitution is entitled to one seat if their representative citizen groups do not reach the number of votes necessary to receive a seat by other means. 

Last Election: 

The first round of the presidential election was held on 4 May 2025. George-Nicolae Simion (Alliance for the Unity of Romanians) and Nicusor-Daniel Dan (independent candidate) advanced to the second round. Voter turnout was 53%. 

Information for Voters: 

Informații Generale / General Information (in Romanian) 

Key Deadlines: 

• Candidate filing deadline: 15 March 2025  

• Voter registration deadline: n/a 

Main Candidates in this Election:  

• George-Nicolae SIMION 

• • Party: Alliance for the Unity of Romanians / Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor 

• Nicușor-Daniel DAN 

• • Party: Independent candidate 

Population and Registered Voters: 

• Population: 19,059,479 (2023 est.) 

• Registered Voters: 19,005,434 (2025 est.) 

Gender Data: 

• Female Population: 9,827,799 (2023 est.)  

• CEDAW Status: Signed 4 Sept 1980, Ratified 7 Jan 1982  

• Gender Quota: No legislated quotas for either body of parliament, voluntary quotas adopted by political parties. 

• Female Candidates in this election: Yes 

• Number of Female Legislators (pre-election): 74 out of 331 (22%) in the Chamber of Deputies and 27 out of 136 (20.1%) of the Senate 

• Human Development Index (HDI) Position: 0.827, Very high, (2022) 

• Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) Categorization: 15.7 (2025) 

Disability Data: 

• CRPD Status: Signed 26 Sep 2007, Ratified 31 Jan 2011 

• Projected population with a disability: 3,049,516 (2023 est.) 

IFES Resources: 

• ElectionJudgments: Yes, 2 judgments