At Stake in this Election:  

• All 150 seats in the Dutch Second Chamber 

Government Structure: 

• Chief of State: King Willem-Alexander (since 30 Apr 2013) 

• Head of Government: Prime Minister Hendrikus Wilhelmus Maria SCHOOF (since 02 Jul 2024) 

• Assembly: bicameral States General (Staten Generaal) with a 75-seat First Chamber (Eerste Kamer) and a 150-seat Second Chamber (Tweede Kamer) 

Electoral System: 

• The King is a hereditary monarch. 

• The Prime Minister is appointed by the royal decree. 

• All 75 members of the First Chamber are indirectly elected by members of provincial councils and territorial public bodies to a 4-year term. 

• All 150 members of the Second Chamber are directly elected via proportional representation to a 4-year term. 

Last Election:  

In the last election in 2023, the Party for Freedom won a plurality of seats with 37. Voter turnout was 78%. 

New/Unique in this Election: 

In June 2025, the Party for Freedom pulled out of the governing coalition due to a dispute over asylum measures, toppling the government and triggering a snap election.  

Key Deadlines: 

• Candidate filing deadline: 15 Sep 2025 

• Voter registration deadline: Not applicable; voter registration is passive. 

Main Parties/Candidates in this Election: 

• Party for Freedom / Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV) 

• • Seats won in the last election: 37 seats out of 150 

• Greens – Labor / GROENLINKS - Partij van de Arbeid  

• • Seats won in the last election: 25 seats out of 150 

• People’s party for Freedom and Democracy / Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie (VVD) 

• • Seats won in the last election: 24 seats out of 150 

• New Social Contract / Nieuw Sociaal Contract (NSC) 

• • Seats won in the last election: 20 seats out of 150 

• Democrats 66 / Democraten 66 (D66) 

• • Seats won in the last election: 9 seats out of 150 

• Farmer-Citizen Movement / BoerBurgerBeweging (BBB) 

• • Seats won in the last election: 7 seats out of 150 

• Socialist Party / Socialistische Partij (SP) 

• • Seats won in the last election: 5 seats out of 150 

• Christian Democratic Appeal / Christen-Democratisch Appèl (CDA) 

• • Seats won in the last election: 5 seats out of 150 

Note: 27 parties registered for this election; those included above won at least 5 seats in the previous election. 

Population and Registered Voters:  

• Population: 17,994,237 (2024 est.)  

• Registered Voters: 13,473,750 (2023)  

Gender Data:  

• Female Population: 9,054,760 (2024 est.)  

• CEDAW Status: Signed 17 July 1980, Ratified 23 July 1991  

• Gender Quota: No 

• Female Candidates in this election: Yes  

• Number of Female Legislators (pre-election): 28 out of 75 (37%) in the First Chamber and 60 out of 150 (40%) in the Second Chamber  

• Human Development Index (HDI) Position: 0.955, Very High, Rank 8 (2023)  

• Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) Categorization: 9.5 (2023)   

Disability Data:  

• CRPD Status: Signed 30 March 2007, Ratified 14 June 2016  

• Projected population with a disability: 2,879,078 (2024 est.) 

IFES Resources:  

• Election Judgements: Yes, 6 judgments and 13 resources