General Information
Note: Parties that did not win a seat are excluded from results. Political parties in the Philippines are more fluid and informal than in other countries, so the results may reflect different parties than those listed below. Some candidates were elected while being a part of a national political party, as well as a local one. In those instances, the national party has been recorded. Additionally, 63 legislators were voted into "Party-List Seats", which are voted in slightly differently than the other seats. More information can be found in the Constitution of the Philippines.
At stake in this election:
- This election will determine all 316 seats in the House of Representatives.
*Note: This election is being held concurrently with presidential elections and elections for the Senate.
Description of government structure [i]:
- Chief of State: President Rodrigo DUTERTE (since 30 June 2016)
- Assembly: Bicameral Congress (Kongreso) that includes the 24-seat Senate (Senado) and the 304-seat House of Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan).
*Note: The President is both the Chief of State and Head of Government. There is also an elected Vice President, who is currently Leni ROBREDO (since 30 June 2016).
Description of electoral system [ii]:
- The President and Vice President are directly elected on separate ballots by simple majority popular vote for a single 6-year term.
- Members of the Senate (Senado) are directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by majority vote to serve 6-year terms.
- 243 members of the House of Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan) are elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote. 61 members who represent minority groups are directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote. Members of the House of Representatives serve 3-year terms.
Last Election [iii]:
- The last election for the House of Representatives was held on May 13th, 2019. PDP-Laban won 82 seats (31.22% of the vote) and the Nacionalista party won 42 seats (16.1% of the vote).
Main parties in this election*:
- PDP-Laban / Partido Demokrtiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan
- Seats won in last election: 82 out of 304
- Nationalist / Nacionalista
- Seats won in last election: 42 out of 304
- Nationalist People’s Coalition (NPC)
- Seats won in last election: 37 out of 304
- National Unity Party (NUP)
- Seats won in the last election: 25 out of 304
- Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats (Lakas-CMD)
- Seats won in the last election: 12 out of 304
- Liberal
- Seats won in the last election: 13 out of 304
*Note: Political parties in the Philippines are generally loose coalitions or alliances, instead of entrenched parties like those that exist in other countries. As such, leaders of parties can fluctuate quickly or otherwise not exist. Because of this, leaders of parties have been omitted from this profile.
Population and number of registered voters:
Gender Data:
- Female Population: Not available
- Are the Philippines a signatory to CEDAW: Yes (15 July 1980) [vi]
- Have the Philippines ratified CEDAW: Yes (5 August 1981) [vii]
- Gender Quota: Yes, voluntary quotas. There are no legislated quotas for the Senate nor House of Representatives, but some political parties have adopted voluntary quotas. [viii]
- Female candidates in this election: Yes
- Number of female legislators: Not available
- Human Development Index Position: 0.718 (ranked 107) [ix]
- Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) Categorization: Very high (53%) [x]
Disability Data:
- Are the Philippines a signatory to CRPD: Yes (25 September 2007) [xi]
- Have the Philippines ratified CRPD: Yes (15 April 2008) [xii]
- Population with a disability: 15,149,756 (2022 est.) [xiii]