IFES Election Guide | Country Profile: Peru

Republic of Peru

33,359,835
Population (as of July 29, 2021)

25,287,954
Registered Voters (as of Jan. 17, 2021)

81.22%
Average Turnout

19
Elections in our database

V-Dem* Score: 0.634
Regimes of the World Classification: Electoral Democracy
*Varieties of Democracy Electoral Democracy Index (2024)

CEDAW Status: Signed and Ratified
Signed Date: July 23, 1981
Ratified Date: Sept. 13, 1982

SIGI* Score: 18.6
Level of Discrimination: Very Low
*Social Institutions and Gender Index (2023)

CRPD Status: Signed and Ratified
Signed Date: March 30, 2007
Ratified Date: Jan. 30, 2008

HDI* Score: 0.794
Category: High
*UNDP Human Development Index (2023)

Name	Official Name	Type
Peruvian Presidency	None	Head of State & Government
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	Congreso de la República	Assembly

Description of government structure:

Chief of State: President José Enrique JERÍ Oré (since 10 October 2025)
Head of Government: President Dina Ercilia BOLUARTE Zegarra *
Assembly: Peru has a unicameral Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la República) with 130 seats.

* Peru has a Prime Minister, but they do not hold executive power. The current Prime Minister is Alberto OTAROLA Penaranda (since 21 December 2022).

Description of electoral system:

The President is elected by absolute majority vote through a two-round system to serve a 5-year term.
In the Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la República) 130 members are elected by open list proportional representation in multi-member constituencies to serve 5-year terms. District magnitude ranges from 2-7, except Lima which is now 36, and Madre de Dios which is 1.

Elections

2021-04-11 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 17,722,616
Registered 25,287,954
Turnout 70.08

2021-04-11 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 18,856,802
Registered 25,287,954
Turnout 74.57

2020-01-26 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 18,369,088
Registered 24,812,087
Turnout 74.03

2018-12-09 | Status: Held
Referendum
Votes 17,038,732
Registered 23,491,142
Turnout 72.53

2016-06-05 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 18,335,385
Registered 22,907,954
Turnout 80.04

2016-04-10 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 17,997,430
Registered 21,965,970
Turnout 81.93

2016-04-10 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 18,751,264
Registered 22,901,954
Turnout 81.88

2011-06-05 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 16,466,397
Registered 19,949,915
Turnout 82.54

2011-04-10 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 16,699,734
Registered 19,949,915
Turnout 83.71

2011-04-10 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 19,402,275
Registered 19,949,915
Turnout 97.25

2006-06-04 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 14,468,049
Registered 16,494,906
Turnout 87.71

2006-04-09 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 14,624,880
Registered 16,494,906
Turnout 88.66

2006-04-09 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 14,632,003
Registered 16,494,906
Turnout 88.71

2001-06-03 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 12,128,969
Registered 14,650,550
Turnout 82.79

2001-04-08 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 11,987,641
Registered 14,650,550
Turnout 81.82

2001-04-08 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 12,264,349
Registered 14,650,550
Turnout 83.71

2000-05-28 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 11,800,310
Registered 14,340,169
Turnout 82.29

2000-04-09 | Status: Held
Peruvian Presidency
Votes 12,230,774
Registered 14,340,169
Turnout 85.29

2000-04-09 | Status: Held
Peruvian Congress of the Republic
Votes 9,132,842
Registered 14,340,169
Turnout 63.69

Election For	Date	Status	Votes	Registered Voters	Turnout
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2021-04-11	Held	17,722,616	25,287,954	70.08
Peruvian Presidency	2021-04-11	Held	18,856,802	25,287,954	74.57
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2020-01-26	Held	18,369,088	24,812,087	74.03
Referendum	2018-12-09	Held	17,038,732	23,491,142	72.53
Peruvian Presidency	2016-06-05	Held	18,335,385	22,907,954	80.04
Peruvian Presidency	2016-04-10	Held	17,997,430	21,965,970	81.93
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2016-04-10	Held	18,751,264	22,901,954	81.88
Peruvian Presidency	2011-06-05	Held	16,466,397	19,949,915	82.54
Peruvian Presidency	2011-04-10	Held	16,699,734	19,949,915	83.71
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2011-04-10	Held	19,402,275	19,949,915	97.25
Peruvian Presidency	2006-06-04	Held	14,468,049	16,494,906	87.71
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2006-04-09	Held	14,624,880	16,494,906	88.66
Peruvian Presidency	2006-04-09	Held	14,632,003	16,494,906	88.71
Peruvian Presidency	2001-06-03	Held	12,128,969	14,650,550	82.79
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2001-04-08	Held	11,987,641	14,650,550	81.82
Peruvian Presidency	2001-04-08	Held	12,264,349	14,650,550	83.71
Peruvian Presidency	2000-05-28	Held	11,800,310	14,340,169	82.29
Peruvian Presidency	2000-04-09	Held	12,230,774	14,340,169	85.29
Peruvian Congress of the Republic	2000-04-09	Held	9,132,842	14,340,169	63.69

Voter Turnout

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